{"id":523,"date":"2025-02-12T10:48:06","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T10:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hidrologi.net\/wiki\/?p=523"},"modified":"2025-02-14T16:59:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T16:59:10","slug":"pergerakan-air-tanah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hidrologi.net\/wiki\/pergerakan-air-tanah\/","title":{"rendered":"Pergerakan Air Tanah"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mekanisme Pergerakan Air Tanah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pergerakan air tanah merupakan proses penting dalam hidrologi yang terjadi dari hydraulic head tinggi menuju hydraulic head rendah (Brassington, 2006). Aliran ini serupa dengan air permukaan, tetapi mekanismenya terjadi di bawah tanah. Pada akuifer bebas, pergerakan air tanah terjadi dari muka air tanah tinggi ke muka air tanah rendah. Sementara itu, pada akuifer<\/a> tertekan, aliran mengikuti garis piezometrik<\/a> atau garis potensiometri, yang tampak mengalir dari bawah ke atas karena tekanan hidrostatis yang melebihi tekanan atmosfer. Namun, aliran tetap bergerak dari hydraulic head tinggi ke rendah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pergerakan
Pergerakan air tanah (Purnama dkk., 2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cara Menentukan Pergerakan Air Tanah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Untuk menentukan arah aliran airtanah di lapangan, metode yang sering digunakan adalah metode tiga titik (three-point problem)<\/strong>. Metode ini melibatkan pengukuran tinggi muka air tanah di tiga sumur yang membentuk segitiga. Kemudian, data tersebut diolah untuk membuat garis kontur muka air tanah (equipotensial line). Garis ini menunjukkan perbedaan hydraulic head. Selanjutnya, arah aliran air tanah (streamlines) dibuat dengan menggambar garis yang membentuk sudut 90\u00b0 terhadap garis kontur. Dengan cara ini, arah aliran airtanah dapat dipetakan secara akurat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Penentuan arah aliran metode tiga titik (Purnama dkk., 2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Karakteristik Flownets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Selain metode tiga titik, data muka air tanah dari banyak titik di suatu wilayah dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi flownets<\/strong>. Flownets adalah peta yang menampilkan garis kontur (equipotensial line<\/em>) dan arah aliran air tanah (streamlines<\/em>). Peta ini sangat membantu dalam menganalisis aliran di akuifer isotropis dan homogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karakteristik flownets yang khas di antaranya adalah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. flownets<\/em> tidak akan memotong sungai, alirannya akan berhenti ketika melalui sungai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. pada sungai yang\u00a0influent<\/em>, air dari sungai akan memasok air tanah, sehingga arah\u00a0flownets<\/em>\u00a0menjauhi sungai;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. pada sungai yang efluent, air tanah akan memasok air di sungai, sehingga arah\u00a0flownets<\/em>\u00a0menuju sungai;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. flownets<\/em> hanya berlaku pada wilayah isotropis. Flownets<\/em> tidak dapat digunakan pada wilayah dengan karakteristik porositas sekunder (pencelahan dan kekar) seperti batuan gunungapi yang masif (lava), batuan intrusi, batuan metamorfik yang massif dan batuan karbonat; dan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. flownets<\/em> hanya berlaku untuk akuifer tidak tertekan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Fungsi Flownets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Flownets berperan penting dalam berbagai studi hidrologi. Pertama, flownets dapat digunakan untuk menentukan debit air tanah di segmen tertentu. Selain itu, flownets membantu mengidentifikasi wilayah tangkapan (recharge area<\/em>) dan wilayah pelepasan (discharge area<\/em>). Lebih jauh lagi, flownets juga memudahkan prediksi arah dan kecepatan pencemaran air tanah. Terakhir, flownets dapat digunakan untuk memantau perubahan pola aliran akibat aktivitas seperti overpumping atau kejadian bencana alam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mekanisme Pergerakan Air Tanah Pergerakan air tanah merupakan proses penting dalam hidrologi yang terjadi dari hydraulic head tinggi menuju hydraulic head rendah (Brassington, 2006). Aliran ini serupa dengan air permukaan, tetapi mekanismenya terjadi di bawah tanah. Pada akuifer bebas, pergerakan air tanah terjadi dari muka air tanah tinggi ke muka air tanah rendah. Sementara itu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hidrogeologi"],"yoast_head":"\nPergerakan Air Tanah - Hidrologi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mekanisme pergerakan air tanah, metode penentuan arah aliran dengan flownets, hingga analisis debit dan pencemaran air tanah.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hidrologi.net\/wiki\/pergerakan-air-tanah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pergerakan Air Tanah\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mekanisme pergerakan air tanah, metode penentuan arah aliran dengan flownets, hingga analisis debit dan pencemaran air tanah.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hidrologi.net\/wiki\/pergerakan-air-tanah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hidrologi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T10:48:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-14T16:59:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hidrologi.net\/wiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-15.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"936\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"766\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dwi Yono Cahyanto\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dwi Yono Cahyanto\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dwi Yono Cahyanto\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a8de1f541df42a6e974785917c8ebfcf\"},\"headline\":\"Pergerakan Air Tanah\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-12T10:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-14T16:59:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":395,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/image-15.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Hidrogeologi\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/hidrologi.net\\\/wiki\\\/pergerakan-air-tanah\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pergerakan Air Tanah - 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